Botanical characteristics

Climbing vine. The wood is hard. There are soft, short hairs densely covered on the vine, branches, inflorescences and leaves. There are no hands attached to it. The roots collect food underground. The leaves are single and come in many shapes, such as heart-shaped, round, kidney-shaped, or broadly oval. The bottom of the leaf is closed, alternating in design, 4.5-12 centimeters wide and 4.5-11 centimeters long. The tips of the leaves are mostly rounded or tapered. The base of the leaves is round and cut or heart-shaped. The leaf edges are smooth and the texture is thin like paper. There are short, soft hairs scattered on both the back and underside of the leaves. When young, the leaves are covered with soft hairs on both sides.and along the edges of the leaves, but will fall off as the leaves mature Leaf veins emerge from the palm-shaped leaf base. Petioles are 2-9 centimeters long, with short, soft hairs or nearly smooth. Attaches to the base of the leaf 1-18 millimeters from the leaf edge. The tip of the leaf is pointed or thorn-like. Flowers appear in clusters of white flowers. Small, approximately 0.2-0.5 millimeters, flowers of separate genders and on different plants. Arranged in a cascading bouquet, small in size. Each cluster has a peduncle 2-4 centimeters long, with short, soft hairs. It grows in solitary clusters or 2-3 clusters in a cluster. Male inflorescences appear along the leaf forks. The peduncle is branched and elongated, consisting of clusters of flowers on the leaf forks. adorn Round bracts and enlarges, male flowers are green or yellow. The flower stalk is 1-2 mm long. The calyx has 4 petals, oval-shaped, 1.25-1.5 mm long. The outside has long hairs that are spaced apart. The petals are connected together to form a cup. About 0.5 millimeters long, the outside has sparse hairs. The stamens are joined together. The anthers are 0.75 mm long. The inflorescence is female. It is a cluster-like branched cluster, narrow shape, up to 18 centimeters long. It consists of clusters of flowers attached like a cluster. Each cluster is in the fork of a bract. Round bracts When enlarged, up to 1.5 centimeters long, there are sparse hairs or long, soft hairs. Female flowers have flower stalks 1-1.5 millimeters long. The calyx has 1 petal, broadly oval-shaped, 1.5 mm long. The petal has 1 petal, wide oval-shaped, 0.75 mm long. The base is narrow and has no false stamens. There is one stamen, approximately 0.5 mm in size, with long, widely spaced hairs. The stamen is smooth. The top of the pistil is separated into 3 lobes, spreading out. The fresh fruit has a large, plump stem, about 1 centimeter in size, orange in color. The fruit is spherical and oval at the tip. Red-brown when cooked The seeds are bent in the shape of a crescent. The surface is rough, with scars of the stamens attached to the sides. There are short, soft hairs. The inner fruit wall is inverted-oval shape, 5 mm long. The top has 9-11 transverse ridges arranged in 2 rows, clearly visible. Propagates by seeds or rhizomes. Found in evergreen forests, deciduous forests, and bamboo forests along rivers and streams. Flowering from March to December. The vine and leaves extract juice when mixed with seasonings. It will look like jelly. Eat as food

properties

Thai medicine textbook: The above-ground part is a remedy for internal heat and liver disease. The roots have a pleasant aroma and a soothing taste. They are used to treat fever, bile leakage, overflowing bile, jaundice, as a diuretic, laxative, and cure for malaria. Used as an appetite suppressant, elixir of longevity, digestive aid, diarrhea, edema, cough, relieves irritation, and bladder inflammation. And used in cases of snake bites as a medicine to reduce fever, relieve stomach pain, gonorrhea. The roots are fragrant, cool and calm, cure fever, relieve bile leakage, jaundice, and are an elixir of longevity. Nourishes the genitals to be strong, cures gas, blood, nosebleeds, cures eye diseases, and acts as a diuretic. Treats edema, is used for chewing, relieves abdominal pain and dysentery, drains gallstones, relieves bladder inflammation, coughs and chest pains, is an antiperspirant, menstrual reliever, tonic, sedative, lymphatic drainage, astringent, roots and leaves are applied as a poultice as a topical medicine. Cure skin diseases, scabies, trunks, extinguish all types of fever. Nourish women's blood It is a poultice for eye inflammation. The wood cures lung disease and anemia. The leaves cure internal heat, apply to wounds, abscesses, cure cancer wounds, cure asthma. It is used externally to cure scabies.

chemical composition

The roots contain high amounts of alkaloids such as hyatine, hyatinine, sepurine, beburine, cissampeline, pelosine. In addition, quercitol, sterol are found. The alkaloid hyatine has the effect of relaxing muscles and lowering blood pressure. (effect equivalent to d-tubercurarine obtained from calf rubber) cissampeline shows toxic effects on cells. The leaves contain pectin. When the leaves are crushed with water When left, it will harden into jelly.

Examples of dried plants: www.thaiherbarium.com